evsra2

EXCERPTS FROM THE RULES OF ROWING

Body of the race.
A crew’s water.
Interference or foul.
Referee’s instructions and warnings.
Racing cadence.
Outside assistance.

Part D - The Body of the Race

2-401 A Crew's Water

Each crew shall be assigned a lane, which shall constitute that crew's own water for the duration of the race. A crew that rows in its own water is entitled to protection by the Referee. A crew that leaves its own water does so at its own risk and peril.

2-402 Steering

Each crew is responsible for its own steering. The Referee will not render assistance to crews merely to steer a better course, even if a crew leaves its own water, and will instruct a crew to alter its course only to prevent interference, or otherwise ensure safety, or to ensure fairness to other crews.

2-403 Referee's Position

The Referee shall have final authority over the operation of his or her launch at all times. During the race, the Referee shall position the launch wherever it might be necessary to observe and control the race, and take necessary action, either on or off the course. If the Referee is forced to overtake a trailing crew, he or she will, if possible, inform the crew to expect a wash and pass the crew in a way to minimize adverse effects, but nevertheless shall assume whatever position is required without delay.

2-404 Interference or Foul

(a) If a crew has left, or is about to leave, its own water and is in danger of interference with another crew that is rowing in its own water, the Referee shall instruct the offending crew to alter its course as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). A crew leaves its water when any part of its boat or equipment leaves the crew's assigned lane.
(b) Interference shall consist of physical contact with another crew (including clashing of oars), washing another crew, or forcing another crew to alter its own course in order to avoid imminent collision.
(1) It shall not be interference if a crew is washed or obstructed while rowing outside its own water. If two crews both rowing outside their own water are in danger of collision, the Referee shall instruct them to keep apart as described in Rule 2-407(a)(1) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"), but neither crew shall be entitled to claim interference as a result of any such collision. A crew improperly rowing in another crew's water, however, shall yield to the other crew attempting to return to that water, and shall be guilty of interference if it fails to do so.
(c) If a crew fails to respond to instructions, or if it is about to cause a serious collision, the Referee may order the crew to stop rowing as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews").

2-405 Stopping a Race in Progress

If, either due to interference or other unfair condition, it is likely that a crew in contention has been deprived of its opportunity of winning, placing, or advancing, and if further continuance of the race would be of no further competitive value, the Referee may stop the race by giving the instruction described in Rule 2-407(d) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews").

2-406 Penalizing Interference

(a) The Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties") upon a crew guilty of interference, and shall take such action under Rule 2-603 ("Restoring Opportunity of Winning; Altering Results") as is necessary to restore the aggrieved crew's fair opportunity of winning. Penalties for interference may be imposed at the conclusion of the race, or after the race has been stopped in progress (Rule 2-405).
(b) The appropriate penalty for interference shall be presumed to be exclusion. Nevertheless, the Referee may impose a different penalty if he or she explicitly finds that special circumstances existed. Such circumstances may include the following.
(1) The interference was so slight that there is no significant possibility that the results of the race were affected, in which case the Referee may choose to impose no penalty, or one of the lesser penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), applicable to the next race in the event.
(2) The interference was flagrant or intentional, in which case the Referee may impose the penalty of disqualification.
(3) The interference took place before the Referee was able to instruct the offending crew (Rule 2-404(a)), in which case the Referee may choose to impose no penalty, or one of the lesser penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), applicable to the next race in the event.
(4) The race was stopped in progress under Rule 2-405 ("Stopping a Race in Progress"), and the interference occurred before the aggrieved crew left the starting area, in which case the Referee may impose the lesser penalty of a warning upon the offending crew.

2-407 Referee's Instructions to Crews

(a) An instruction for a crew to alter its course shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, and dropping the flag laterally to whichever direction the crew should move. This procedure may be repeated if the crew does not respond to this instruction.
(1) Alternatively, if the Referee wishes to instruct two crews simultaneously to keep apart, he or she may instruct them by raising a white flag vertically, calling out the names of both crews, and calling out "Keep Apart!".
(b) An instruction for a crew to stop rowing shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, and calling out "Stop!". If thereafter the reason for stopping the crew ceases to exist, the Referee may instruct the crew to continue rowing as described in subsection (c).
(c) An instruction for a crew to continue rowing shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, dropping the flag directly forward, and calling out "Continue Rowing!".
(d) An order to stop an entire race shall consist of sounding a noise-making device such as a bell, siren or airhorn; waving a red flag; and calling out "Stop!".

2-408 Instruction to Avoid Unsafe or Unfair Conditions

(a) If a crew is steering toward a previously known or identified obstacle or installation, and is in reasonable danger of collision, the Referee shall name the crew and call out "Obstacle!". If collision is imminent, the Referee shall order the crew to stop as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). That crew may then correct its course and continue with the race, but shall not be entitled to any consideration, such as a rerow or advancement in the progression system, as a result of such occurrence.
(b) If a crew is steering toward a previously unknown or unidentified obstacle or installation obstructing its assigned lane, and is in reasonable danger of collision, the Referee shall name the crew, call out "Obstacle!" and instruct the crew to alter its course as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). If collision is imminent, the Referee shall order the crew to stop as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"), after which it may correct its course and continue with the race. If the opportunity of a crew to win or advance are affected by such occurrence, the Referee may take appropriate action to restore that opportunity pursuant to Rule 2-603 ("Restoring Opportunity of Winning; Altering Results").
(c) If a crew is rowing outside its assigned lane, and is thereby in a position to gain an unfair advantage, either by shortening its course, or by receiving the benefit of more favorable environmental conditions, such as wind or current, the Referee shall instruct the crew to return to its lane as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). If the crew does not comply with such instruction, the Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties").

2-409 Racing Cadence

A crew must maintain a racing cadence of which it is capable in good faith throughout a race, as indicated by its strokes per minute. Any stroke rate that causes a crew to win or advance in a heat shall be considered in good faith, provided that the number of crews to advance is less than the number of crews competing. The Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties") upon a crew that does not maintain a racing cadence after having been instructed to continue rowing as described in Rule 2-407(c) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews").

2-410 Outside Assistance

(a) No crew shall receive any outside assistance, coaching, or advice during a race. The Referee may exclude any crew that receives such assistance, coaching, or advice from another member of its team, regardless of whether or not any benefit was received, and any race official who observes such conduct shall report the incident to the Chief Referee, who may curtail or prohibit the further participation at a regatta of any team member found responsible.
(b) No team member, including coaches, shall follow a race in a launch.
(c) Loudspeaker systems to announce the progress of the race to spectators in the finish area shall be turned off when the leading crew has entered the last 250 meters of the course, unless the speakers are pointed away from the water so that they are inaudible to the crews, and do not distract race officials.

2-411 Unsportsmanlike Conduct

(a) A crew that engages in unsportsmanlike conduct may be assessed by a race official with one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), regardless of whether such conduct otherwise constitutes a violation of these Rules. If another crew's opportunity to win, place, or advance is affected by such conduct, the Referee shall take appropriate action to restore that opportunity, pursuant to Rule 2-603.
(b) Any team member, including a competitor, who engages in unsportsmanlike conduct at any time during the regatta may have his or her further participation at the regatta curtailed or prohibited by a race official.
(c) If any team member engages in personally abusive language or conduct, the incident shall be reported by a witnessing race official to the Judge-Referee Committee.



	EXCERPTS FROM THE RULES OF ROWING *Body of the race.* *A crew’s water.* *Interference or foul.* *Referee’s instructions and warnings.* *Racing cadence.* *Outside assistance.* Part D - The Body of the Race 2-401 A Crew's Water Each crew shall be assigned a lane, which shall constitute that crew's own water for the duration of the race. A crew that rows in its own water is entitled to protection by the Referee. A crew that leaves its own water does so at its own risk and peril. 2-402 Steering Each crew is responsible for its own steering. The Referee will not render assistance to crews merely to steer a better course, even if a crew leaves its own water, and will instruct a crew to alter its course only to prevent interference, or otherwise ensure safety, or to ensure fairness to other crews. 2-403 Referee's Position The Referee shall have final authority over the operation of his or her launch at all times. During the race, the Referee shall position the launch wherever it might be necessary to observe and control the race, and take necessary action, either on or off the course. If the Referee is forced to overtake a trailing crew, he or she will, if possible, inform the crew to expect a wash and pass the crew in a way to minimize adverse effects, but nevertheless shall assume whatever position is required without delay. 2-404 Interference or Foul (a) If a crew has left, or is about to leave, its own water and is in danger of interference with another crew that is rowing in its own water, the Referee shall instruct the offending crew to alter its course as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). A crew leaves its water when any part of its boat or equipment leaves the crew's assigned lane. (b) Interference shall consist of physical contact with another crew (including clashing of oars), washing another crew, or forcing another crew to alter its own course in order to avoid imminent collision. (1) It shall not be interference if a crew is washed or obstructed while rowing outside its own water. If two crews both rowing outside their own water are in danger of collision, the Referee shall instruct them to keep apart as described in Rule 2-407(a)(1) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"), but neither crew shall be entitled to claim interference as a result of any such collision. A crew improperly rowing in another crew's water, however, shall yield to the other crew attempting to return to that water, and shall be guilty of interference if it fails to do so. (c) If a crew fails to respond to instructions, or if it is about to cause a serious collision, the Referee may order the crew to stop rowing as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). 2-405 Stopping a Race in Progress If, either due to interference or other unfair condition, it is likely that a crew in contention has been deprived of its opportunity of winning, placing, or advancing, and if further continuance of the race would be of no further competitive value, the Referee may stop the race by giving the instruction described in Rule 2-407(d) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). 2-406 Penalizing Interference (a) The Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties") upon a crew guilty of interference, and shall take such action under Rule 2-603 ("Restoring Opportunity of Winning; Altering Results") as is necessary to restore the aggrieved crew's fair opportunity of winning. Penalties for interference may be imposed at the conclusion of the race, or after the race has been stopped in progress (Rule 2-405). (b) The appropriate penalty for interference shall be presumed to be exclusion. Nevertheless, the Referee may impose a different penalty if he or she explicitly finds that special circumstances existed. Such circumstances may include the following. (1) The interference was so slight that there is no significant possibility that the results of the race were affected, in which case the Referee may choose to impose no penalty, or one of the lesser penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), applicable to the next race in the event. (2) The interference was flagrant or intentional, in which case the Referee may impose the penalty of disqualification. (3) The interference took place before the Referee was able to instruct the offending crew (Rule 2-404(a)), in which case the Referee may choose to impose no penalty, or one of the lesser penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), applicable to the next race in the event. (4) The race was stopped in progress under Rule 2-405 ("Stopping a Race in Progress"), and the interference occurred before the aggrieved crew left the starting area, in which case the Referee may impose the lesser penalty of a warning upon the offending crew. 2-407 Referee's Instructions to Crews (a) An instruction for a crew to alter its course shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, and dropping the flag laterally to whichever direction the crew should move. This procedure may be repeated if the crew does not respond to this instruction. (1) Alternatively, if the Referee wishes to instruct two crews simultaneously to keep apart, he or she may instruct them by raising a white flag vertically, calling out the names of both crews, and calling out "Keep Apart!". (b) An instruction for a crew to stop rowing shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, and calling out "Stop!". If thereafter the reason for stopping the crew ceases to exist, the Referee may instruct the crew to continue rowing as described in subsection (c). (c) An instruction for a crew to continue rowing shall consist of raising a white flag vertically, calling out the crew's name, dropping the flag directly forward, and calling out "Continue Rowing!". (d) An order to stop an entire race shall consist of sounding a noise-making device such as a bell, siren or airhorn; waving a red flag; and calling out "Stop!". 2-408 Instruction to Avoid Unsafe or Unfair Conditions (a) If a crew is steering toward a previously known or identified obstacle or installation, and is in reasonable danger of collision, the Referee shall name the crew and call out "Obstacle!". If collision is imminent, the Referee shall order the crew to stop as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). That crew may then correct its course and continue with the race, but shall not be entitled to any consideration, such as a rerow or advancement in the progression system, as a result of such occurrence. (b) If a crew is steering toward a previously unknown or unidentified obstacle or installation obstructing its assigned lane, and is in reasonable danger of collision, the Referee shall name the crew, call out "Obstacle!" and instruct the crew to alter its course as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). If collision is imminent, the Referee shall order the crew to stop as described in Rule 2-407(b) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"), after which it may correct its course and continue with the race. If the opportunity of a crew to win or advance are affected by such occurrence, the Referee may take appropriate action to restore that opportunity pursuant to Rule 2-603 ("Restoring Opportunity of Winning; Altering Results"). (c) If a crew is rowing outside its assigned lane, and is thereby in a position to gain an unfair advantage, either by shortening its course, or by receiving the benefit of more favorable environmental conditions, such as wind or current, the Referee shall instruct the crew to return to its lane as described in Rule 2-407(a) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). If the crew does not comply with such instruction, the Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"). 2-409 Racing Cadence A crew must maintain a racing cadence of which it is capable in good faith throughout a race, as indicated by its strokes per minute. Any stroke rate that causes a crew to win or advance in a heat shall be considered in good faith, provided that the number of crews to advance is less than the number of crews competing. The Referee may impose one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties") upon a crew that does not maintain a racing cadence after having been instructed to continue rowing as described in Rule 2-407(c) ("Referee's Instructions to Crews"). 2-410 Outside Assistance (a) No crew shall receive any outside assistance, coaching, or advice during a race. The Referee may exclude any crew that receives such assistance, coaching, or advice from another member of its team, regardless of whether or not any benefit was received, and any race official who observes such conduct shall report the incident to the Chief Referee, who may curtail or prohibit the further participation at a regatta of any team member found responsible. (b) No team member, including coaches, shall follow a race in a launch. (c) Loudspeaker systems to announce the progress of the race to spectators in the finish area shall be turned off when the leading crew has entered the last 250 meters of the course, unless the speakers are pointed away from the water so that they are inaudible to the crews, and do not distract race officials. 2-411 Unsportsmanlike Conduct (a) A crew that engages in unsportsmanlike conduct may be assessed by a race official with one of the penalties described in Rule 2-602 ("Types of Penalties"), regardless of whether such conduct otherwise constitutes a violation of these Rules. If another crew's opportunity to win, place, or advance is affected by such conduct, the Referee shall take appropriate action to restore that opportunity, pursuant to Rule 2-603. (b) Any team member, including a competitor, who engages in unsportsmanlike conduct at any time during the regatta may have his or her further participation at the regatta curtailed or prohibited by a race official. (c) If any team member engages in personally abusive language or conduct, the incident shall be reported by a witnessing race official to the Judge-Referee Committee.